Here’s a school resource about the basics of Muslims’ religious practices: An Educator’s Guide to Islamic Religious Practices.
It’s a brief informational bulletin developed by the Oklahoma chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), a Muslim civil liberties organization (read about CAIR here).
The bulletin is meant purpose is to increase administrators’ and teachers’ awareness of Muslim students’ basic religious tenets and practices. You can download it here, too.
The brief guide collects a lot of basic but useful information in one place. It addresses personal modesty (esp. head coverings for adolescent girls); gender relations, with particular reference to sports and P.E. activities; major holidays; and the rules of fasting and prayer. It ends with a bulleted summary of key issues and basic principles for respecting student practices.
If you want to learn more about teaching students about Islam, the Teaching Tolerance website provides a list of online platforms. Among them is the Islamic Network Group (ING), which provides curricula about Islam for middle school and high school students.